Due to its special natural and geographical conditions, the city of Tonekabon is susceptible to many shocks, including earthquakes and floods, which brings the need to pay attention to urban resilience. The present study was conducted to analyze the state of urban neighborhoods from the perspective of urban resilience components. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical method. The research's statistical population was comprised of citizens living in Tonekabon city. Using Cochran's formula, the statistical sample size was estimated to be 384 people. The data collection tool was a questionnaire, the validity of which was verified in the form of face and face validity, as well as divergent validity and reliability of the questionnaire using Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability. Analysis of data and information was done using SPSS and PLS software programs. The findings of this research showed that the overall resilience of Tonekabon city is in an unfavorable situation. In such a way, the average experimental value obtained for the overall resilience of the city and its dimensions was lower than the average value of 3. Among the localities of the studied area, Karim Abad neighborhood, in which the overall average obtained was equal to 2.78, was in a better condition than other localities, and Tonekabon neighborhood, according to the average (2.39), was in an unfavorable condition among the studied localities. Among the other research findings, among the components of urban resilience, the physical factor with a path coefficient of 0.490 has the most significant impact and was ranked first, followed by the economic factor with a path coefficient of 0.348. In third place is the administrative, institutional factor with a path coefficient of 0.327 and in fourth place is the social dimension with a path coefficient of 0.264.

Among the various factors that can affect the urban sustainable development, are tourism and the consequences of it. So that a comprehensive review of the impact of tourism development in an urban area, requires to examine it in terms of sustainable urban development. In this regard, the paper aims to identify and analyze the obstacles to the sustainable development of tourism in the coastal city of Tonekabon. The method of this study is descriptive-analytical and data collection was carried out by a questionnaire. Using Cochran formula, samples are obtained from 323 household caregivers in Tonekabon, who were selected randomly. In order to assess the obstacles to the sustainable development of tourism in the coastal city of Tonekabon, using the factor analysis, 38 variables in four dimensions of sustainable development (economic, social, environmental and physical) were tested. Finally, constraints were classified into seven factors separately, the results show: Stability obstacles accounted to 74. 75% of the total variance and the physical-environmental dimension accounted to 16. 12% of eigenvalue variance to be known as the main obstacle. Also, the results for rotation of the factors by the Varimax method show that out of the 38 variables entered in the exploratory factor analysis, only 25 variables with a factor load above 4% remained.

IntroductionSecurity and tourism are two very important issues addressed by policy makers and planners. Regarding its outcomes in society, tourism development is considered by many institutions and scholars and it seems necessary to discuss about that. In addition to its positive social and cultural implications, tourism has also some negative implications which have fundamental importance in terms of sociological views. One of these consequences is the introduction of anti-social behaviors due to a flood of tourists in the region. Another consequence, to name, is the acquaintance of villagers with new ideas of tourists contrasting their own cultural values and causing antithetical identities. Social security could not be ignored in this regard since there is some sort of correlation between social order, security and tourism. While there is not social security in a region, tourism and its development could not make an effective role for its community...

Purpose: To investigate the use of social networks by users of public libraries Tonekabon in order to design tailored services to the community. Methodology: Stratified sampling was carried out to select a sample of 234 respondents. Data was collected using a questionnaire. Analysis used descriptive and inferential statistics. Statistical tests such as Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Friedman and Pearson correlation coefficient were used to verify findings. Findings: The group of social network sites with an average of 6/57 were used the most. Books and reading group with an average of 5. 24 were used the least. Facebook, with an average of 2/68, web-mobile and Telegram with an average of 3. 88, the group of Multimedia, Skype with an average of 2/32, and among books and reading tools, Reader Professional Network with the average 2/45 were used more. Originality/ Value: The value of the present article is informing public librarians about the use of the variety of social network tools, and showing their popularity

The great development of the tourism industry in the world, and many of these approaches have their status as a significant improvement And many problems such as unemployment, low income, low income per capita and currency cover. Due to the significant impact of tourism on the economy of tourists on their receptive attention is directed to the field of activity. In this paper the obstacles to sustainable development Tourism And the impact of tourism on sustainable development in city of tonekabon measure is Using factor analysis in The four dimensions of economic, social, environmental and physical Among the various factors that can affect the urban sustainable development, tourism and the consequences of it. So that a comprehensive review of the impact of tourism development in an urban area, it is necessary to examine it in terms of sustainable urban development. In this paper aims to identify and analyze the obstacles to sustainable development of tourism in the coastal city's Tonekabon. Methods In this study, analytical and data collection questionnaire is. Samples using Cochran formula is obtained Tonekabon 323 of the heads of households who were selected randomly and systematically. In order to assess the obstacles to sustainable development of tourism in the coastal city Tonekabon, using factor analysis, 38 variables in four dimensions of sustainable development (economic, social, environmental and physical) were tested. Finally, constraints on seven factors were classified separately, the results show: Stability obstacles 74. 75% of the total variance accounted for 16. 12% of the special physical environmental barriers to known as the main obstacle.

Helicobacter Pylori colonize in gastric mucosa and causes disorders in upper gastro intestine. The clinical outcome of Helicobacter pylori infection may be associated with or without Cag A or ice A genes.To investigate presence of cag A and ice A genes in Helicobacter pylori strains among patients with gastritis, Gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer, 80 gastric and duodenal biopsy specimens were taken. Urease test was perfomed for all specimens that H.pylori strains were isolated from 25 patients. We Perfomed DNA extraction used allelic specific PCR to examine iceA and Cag A status of H.pylori isolates. H. pylori was isolated in 25 cases. The PCR method indicates prevalence of iceA gene in strains isolated from patients with gastritis, gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer was 25%, 50% and 25% respectively. Additionally iceA1 gene was found in 75% of the isolates strains and it was predominant. Prevalence of cagA genes in strains isolated from patients with gastritis, Gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer was 36/36%, 50% and 16/16% respectively. According to the finding it is suggested the prescense of cagA gene in strains of Helicobacter pylori may play an important role in severity disorders or peptic ulcer. But in conclusion we cannot be suggested any of these gene tobe an determining the nature of clinical disease byH. pylori infection, Various geographiced region,may be associated with different frequency in cagA and iceA.

Recent study is the first attempt to identify infected dairy cattle with Mycobacterium paratuberculosis which is done with John in test and PCR method in Tonekabon.Paratuberculosis is a chronic intestinal infection in ruminants and spread in different ways to environment. Milk is important source of bacteria. Also, due to the possible relationship between Johne's disease and Crohn's disease in humans, presence of bacteria in milk can be an important index to assess the spread of infection in animal and human. In this study, at first, 90 dairy cattle were tested by John in test and result were as follow, 3 positive cases, 23 suspected cases and 62 negative cases. Then the samples examined using nested PCR, then two pairs of primers were used to increase of desired pieces of 194 bp were used. The prevalence results were different in three verify regions and showed desired ranges between 4.2 and 7.7%. As a result, tests revealed that Johnin test doesn't have an ability to identify suspected cases, then it is necessary to use PCR techinique to identify the exact animal patient.

Purpose: The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of group assertiveness training on creativity 5thgrade students in Tonekabon City.Method: The current study was of semi-experimental and the kind of pretest-posttest with control group. The concerned community included all 5th grade students in Tonekabon in 2013-2014.The sample included 30 students selected by random multistage sampling method and were randomly divided into experiment and control groups. The instruments used in this study were form "B" Torrance Test of Creativity Scale.Finding: Analysis of covariance showed that the two groups are statistically significant difference for all four dependent variables. Results of this study indicate that assertiveness training increases students' creativity.

Dissatisfaction with married life, reduced intimacy and emotional distance between couples leads to emotional divorce. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the factors affecting emotional divorce and strategies to deal with it using the basic theory method among women in Tonekabon. Using purposive sampling method, 21 women involved in emotional divorce referred to counseling centers in Tonekabon were selected and the necessary information was collected using in-depth interviews. The data is encoded and analyzed in 3 steps. The results show that categories such as men's neglect of women, irresponsibility, violence, communication and sexual problems, lack of effective presence at home and lack of proper leisure programs cause emotional divorce and factors such as family conditions and family and base interventions. Socioeconomic status of the individual, occupation, income, duration of marriage, and age of the couple at the time of marriage exacerbate the causal factors affecting emotional divorce. Therefore, the strategy to get rid of this situation has been proposed at both individual and social levels.

Flood is one of the most destructive natural hazards. Despite advances in engineering over the last century, different cities around the world are affected by floods every year. Today, human beings have not been able to completely control this natural phenomenon. For this reason, mankind is looking for a solution that can reduce the risks of flooding and increase its stability, this is called resilience today. The purpose of this study is to Explanation a model for measuring physical resilience against floods so that this model can improve physical performance over time. The present study is applied-descriptive in terms of purpose and in terms of method, it is descriptive-analytical. The statistical population of the study is urban affairs experts (Tonekabon District Water Authority, municipality, governorate, environment office). Then, content validity analysis (CVR) was used to identify the necessary variables and indicators. Flow simulation software (HEC_GEORAS) was also used to map the flood risk in the fabric around the Cheshmeh Kileh River. The structure of the proposed model and its evaluation algorithms are based on a statistical modeling in GIS software, which precisely maps the urban fabric around the river based on the risk intensity. They also specify the vulnerable points according to the ability of the variables to be deployed in each zone. This model rejects the current method by which the zones around the river are divided into two groups inside and outside the river privacy. In this model, each urban feature, whether road or building, is evaluated according to the severity of the hazard.